Kastartava refers to which gynecologic condition?

• A. Amenorrhea
• B. Dysmenorrhea
• C. Menopause
• D. Ovarian cyst

Answer: (B)

Kastartava denotes painful menstruation. It describes episodes of cramping lower abdominal pain that begin with or shortly after the start of menses and may be accompanied by backache, nausea, or fatigue. This aligns with dysmenorrhea, a pain-related symptom of the menstrual cycle driven in some cases by prostaglandin-induced uterine contractions and reduced uterine blood flow. It is not about the absence of menses (amenorrhea), not about the permanent end of menses with aging (menopause), and not specifically about a ovarian cyst, which is a different ovarian condition that may cause pelvic pain but is not defined by menstrual pain.